[The sharpening and polishing of dental instruments]. / Het slijpen van het tandheelkundige handinstrumentarium.

This article describes the maintenance of dental instruments in a companion animal practice, in particular the correct sharpening techniques for tartar scrapers, curettes, excavators, and elevators. Sharp instruments are essential for the quality and speed of dental care.

[Veterinary dental health science. 18. Chronic molar fistula in a lion: case discussion]. / Veterinaire tandheelkunde 18. Chronische kiesfistel bij een leeuwin; casusbespreking.

In this case-report immobilization, examination and treatment of a lion (Panthera leo) with a chronic fistulation of a carnassial tooth are described.

[Dental problems in rabbits and rodents. II. Dental treatment]. / Tandheelkundige problemen bij konijnen en knaagdieren. Deel II: Tandheelkundige behandelingen.

Anatomy and physiology of the different dentition, the common symptoms and the clinical diagnosis are discussed in the first part of the article on dental and oral problems in rodents and rabbits. In this article (the second part) prognosis, treatment plan, treatment and prevention are described.

[Dental problems in rabbits and rodents. I. Anatomy, physiology, symptomatology, diagnosis]. / Tandheelkundige problemen bij konijnen en knaagdieren. Deel I: anatomie, fysiologie, symptomatologie, diagnostiek.

Dental and oral problems in rodents and rabbits are common in veterinary practice. Anatomy and physiology of the different dentition, the common symptoms and the clinical diagnosis are discussed in the first part of this article. In the next article treatment and prevention are described.

[Veterinary dentistry (13). Evaluation of the use of medetomidine and ketamine to induce anaesthesia in dogs undergoing dental surgery]. / Veterinaire tandheelkunde [13]. Het gebruik van de combinatie medetomidine/ketamine bij de hond voor anesthesie bij tandheelkundige ingrepen: een evaluatie van een klinische toepassing.

The use of a combination of medetomidine and ketamine as anaesthetic for dental surgery was investigated in 60 dogs. The nature of the interventions varied from inspection of the teeth with cleaning of the teeth or simple tooth extraction to extraction of one or more dental elements or endodontic treatment. The operations lasted between 20 and 70 minutes, with an average of 34 +/- 15 minutes. Medetomidine, 1000 micrograms/m2 body surface administered intramuscularly, was used as premedication. Anaesthesia was induced with intravenously administered ketamine at a dose of 2-3 mg/kg body weight. The effect of premedication was 'good' in 79.5% of patients, 'moderate' in 12%, and 'poor' in 8.5%. Seven patients were given additional 50% medetomidine, which caused the proportion of animals with 'good' premedication to increase to 91.5%. Twelve of the 60 patients showed convulsion-like symptoms of varying severity directly after the administration of ketamine. In 4 patients the tonic cramps were considered severe enough to warrant once-only administration of midazolam. The quality of anaesthesia in the maintenance phase was considered 'good' in 88% of the patients and 'moderate' in 12%. Recovery was 'good' in 74% of the patients, 'moderate' in 11%, and 'poor' in 15%. Heart rate after premedication with medetomidine was 53 +/- 3 beats per minute and increased to 86 +/- 4 beats per minute (P < 0.05) after administration of ketamine. It thereafter decreased, over a period of 20 minutes, to 60 +/- 3 beats per minute. The respiration rate was 15 +/- 1 per minute and remained unchanged throughout the operation. After completion of surgery, medetomidine was antagonized with atipamezole (2500 micrograms/m2) given intramuscularly. In 13% of the animals the recovery period was characterized by tremors and restlessness. It can be concluded that the combination medetomidine and ketamine provides adequate analgesia, hypnosis, and muscle relaxation for various dental surgical interventions to be performed.

[Veterinary dentistry (13). The use of the combination medetomidine/ketamine in dogs for anesthesia in dental procedures: evaluation of its clinical application]. / Veterinaire tandheelkunde (13). Het gebruik van de combinatie medetomidine/ketamine bij de hond voor anesthesie bij tandheelkundige ingrepen: een evaluatie van een klinische toepassing.

The use of a combination of medetomidine and ketamine as anaesthetic for dental surgery was investigated in 60 dogs. The nature of the interventions varied from inspection of the teeth with cleaning of the teeth or simple tooth extraction to extraction of one or more dental elements or endodontic treatment. The operations lasted between 20 and 70 minutes, with an average of 34 +/- 15 minutes. Medetomidine, 1000 m g/m2 body surface administered intramuscularly, was used as premedication. Anaesthesia was induced with intravenously administered ketamine at a dose of 2-3 mg/kg body weight. The effect of premedication was 'good' in 79.5% of patients, 'moderate' in 12%, and 'poor' in 8.5%. Seven patients were given additional 50% medetomidine, which caused the proportion of animals with 'good' premedication to increase to 91.5%. Twelve of the 60 patients showed convulsion-like symptoms of varying severity directly after the administration of ketamine. In 4 patients the tonic cramps were considered severe enough to warrant once-only administration of midazolam. The quality of anaesthesia in the maintenance phase was considered 'good' in 88% of the patients and 'moderate' in 12%. Recovery was 'good' in 74% of the patients, 'moderate' in 11%, and 'poor' in 15%. Heart rate after premedication with medetomidine was 53 +/- 3 beats per minute and increased to 86 +/- 4 beats per minute (P < 0.05) after administration of ketamine. It thereafter decreased, over a period of 20 minutes, to 60 +/- 3 beats per minute. The respiration rate was 15 +/- 1 per minute and remained unchanged throughout the operation. After completion of surgery, medetomidine was antagonized with atipamezole (2500 m g/m2) given intramuscularly. In 13% of the animals the recovery period was characterized by tremors and restlessness. It can be concluded that the combination medetomidine and ketamine provides adequate analgesia, hypnosis, and muscle relaxation for various dental surgical interventions to be performed.

Long-term success rate of resin-bonded metal crowns on the canine teeth of working dogs.

In this clinical study, 19 full metal crown restorations of canine teeth were placed in seven working dogs. Thirteen canine teeth were severely abraded with no involvement of the pulp cavities; six fractured canine teeth were endodontically treated. At least 1/3 of the coronal part of the canine tooth was available for a supragingivally performed, minimal tooth crown preparation. An adhesive technique to bond the electrolytically etched crown (an alloy of cobalt-chrome-molybdenum) to the tooth was used. The metal crowns, slightly shorter and with a rounder tip than the original tooth, were bounded to the enamel and dentine by using a resin luting cement. Posts or post-and-core techniques were not used. Mean follow-up period was 32 months (range 24-52 months), at which stage 17 crowns were found to be intact and functional. Two crowns were lost as a result of trauma resulting in a fracture of the tooth below the crown.

[Veterinary dentistry (14). Periapical diseases]. / Veterinaire Tandheelkunde (14). Periapicale aandoeningen.

In this article periapical disease is discussed. A differentiation is made in infections, abscesses, granuloma and cysts.

[Veterinary dentistry (15). Apex resection in the horse]. / Veterinaire Tandheelkunde (15). Apexresectie bij het paard.

Periapical disorders in horses can be treated by resection of the apex. The indications, contraindications, diagnosis, treatment and complications of the intervention are discussed. Four case reports of horses in which apicoectomy with retrograde endodontic treatment was performed are reviewed.

[Veterinary dentistry (12). Discoloration of teeth in companion animals]. / Veterinaire tandheelkunde (12). Verkleuring van gebitselementen bij gezelschapsdieren.

Tooth discolouration is frequently seen in companion animal practice. Knowledge of the composition and development of the dental tissues involved in such discolouration and identification of the cause of the discolouration and the consequences for the dentition are essential to provide adequate treatment for the problem. This article provides a practical classification of tooth discolouration in companion animals and discusses the most common discolourations.

[The application of tiletamine/zolazepam (Zoletil) anesthesia in dental treatments in dogs]. / Het gebruik van tiletamine/zolazepam (Zoletil) anesthesie bij tandheelkundige behandelingen bij de hond.

Tiletamine/zolazepam anaesthesia was used in twelve dogs for veterinary dentistry. The following doses were administered: - 7.5 mg/kg intravenously for forty minute-long procedures. - 5.0 mg/kg intravenously for twenty minute-long procedures. As premedication 0.1 mg/kg of atropine was subcutaneously injected. This combination is marked by its muscle-relaxing properties and the preservation of the laryngeal reflex.

[Veterinary dentistry in dogs and cats. Results of a postal inquiry in The Netherlands]. / Tandheelkunde bij honden en katten. Resultaten van een enquete.

In order to get insight in the prevalence of dental diseases in dogs and cats and dental treatments, a postal survey amongst veterinarians in the Netherlands was carried out. 70% of the veterinarians answered to practice routine oral examinations of dogs and cats. Of dental diseases observed in dogs and cats periodontal diseases were most often mentioned. Dental treatments as calculus removal and extractions were performed by nearly all veterinarians. 50% of the veterinarians asked for assistance of a dentist in case a dental treatment could not be performed by themselves.

[Veterinary dentistry in dogs and cats; a survey among veterinarians]. / Veterinaire tandheelkunde bij honden en katten; een enquête onder dierenartsen.

To gain an insight into the prevalence of dental disease in dogs and cats and forms of dental treatment, a postal survey was conducted among veterinarians in the Netherlands. Seventy per cent of the veterinarians replied that they made routine oral examinations of dogs and cats. Of dental diseases observed in dogs and cats periodontal diseases were stated to be the most common dental problem. Dental treatments, such as removal of calculus and extractions, were performed by nearly all veterinarians. Fifty per cent of the veterinarians asked for assistance of a dentist when a dental treatment could not be carried out by themselves. More education in veterinary dentistry to veterinary students and veterinarians is required.